Assessing ecological security pattern is an important approach to conserve biodiversity and improve environment and is of significance to maintain regionally sustainable development. This study takes the Minjiang River Basin as the study area. Based on the method of ecosystem services, the study makes a comprehensive use of such data as land use and NDVI for the purpose of analyzing the ecological importance of the Minjiang River Basin. According to the analysis results, the ecologically important area is recognized as the ecological source. It adopts the cost path method in MCR model to extract potential corridors, combined with the gravity model to extract important corridors and important nodes to evaluate and optimize the ecological security pattern of Minjiang River Basin. The results show that (1) the overall safety level of the Minjiang River Basin is relatively good, and the area of higher ecological safety and high ecological safety accounts for 55.02% of the study area. (2) Spatially, the importantly ecological source covers an area of 818.32 km² and is severely fragmented, which concentrated in the forest area in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River Basin. There are 190 corridors with a total length of 19633.96 km, including 41 important corridors, which are distributed in a semi-ring of the upper and lower reaches; there are 117 ecological nodes, which are concentrated in the south and southwest of the upper reaches. (3) Considering the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological resistance and corridor nodes, the ecological security pattern of four zones and two belts in the Minjiang River Basin is designated and the zoning control measures and restoration recommendations are proposed. The results of the study and the regulatory pathways contribute to improving the ecological security pattern, protecting biodiversity and enhancing soil and water conservation in the Minjiang River Basin.