Comprehensively multi-scale understanding of biodiversity is an inevitable trend in the development of community ecology from perspectives of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. In this study, the spatial and temporal patterns of crustacean diversity in the sea area surrounding Dachen Islands were analyzed in multiple dimensions, the relationships among indices were explored, and the response of diversity at different facets to environmental factors at local scale was investigated. The results demonstrated the seasonal heterogeneity of crustacean communities. Shannon-Wiener index (H'), taxonomic diversity index (Delta), and taxonomic distinctness index (Delta*) were significantly higher in the autumn and spring, while functional richness index (FRic) was significantly higher in the summer and winter. The functional differentiation index (FDiv) and functional dispersion index (FDis) were significantly lower in summer than in other seasons. There were different degrees of correlation among the indices in the same dimension, and there was a relatively significant correlation between species diversity indices. Among different dimensions, species richness index (S) was moderately positively correlated with FRic, while taxonomic diversity index (Delta) and taxonomic distinctness index (Delta*) were moderately correlated with FDis. Functional diversity responded strongly and phylogenetic diversity responded moderately to the changes of environmental factors in the habitat. The main ecological driving force of species diversity might be large-scale spatial factors. The study suggested that the multi-scale biodiversity patterns might be affected by variously ecological mechanisms, and the integrated consideration of each dimension of diversity would reveal a more comprehensive and completely ecological process behind the indices in biodiversity assessment.