Study of forest vegetation and soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry relationships is key to understand the interactions of ecosystem components and explore the growth status and ecological adaptations of plants. We selected 30 major species of trees, shrubs and herbs in Kanas natural forests and their habitats as the research objects. ANOVA, correlation analysis and RDA analysis were used to comprehensively study the stoichiometric characteristics of plant leaves and soil and their interrelationships and to reveal the differences and similarities of environmental adaptation of trees, shrubs and herbs in Kanas natural forests. The results showed that the mean concentration of plants leaf C, N, and P were 469.66 g/kg, 23.87 g/kg, and 3.67 g/kg, respectively, in Kanas natural forests. C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios were 26.52, 160.91, and 6.74, respectively. There were significant differences in the leaf C, N and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios in different life forms of plants. The order of C content was tree > shrub > herb (P<0.05) and N content was herb > shrub > tree (P<0.05). The difference in leaf P content between shrubs and herbs was insignificant (P>0.05), but both were significantly higher than that of trees (P<0.05). The order of C:N and C:P ratios was tree>shrub>herb (P<0.05). Leaf N:P ratio of trees and shrubs were not significantly different (P>0.5), but both were significantly lower than herb N:P (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a highly significantly negative correlation (P<0.01) between C and N contents of the tree and herbaceous leaves, a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) between C and P contents of herbaceous leaves, and a highly significantly positive correlation between N and P contents of shrub and herbaceous leaves. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) decreased with the increase in soil depth (P<0.05), while soil total phosphorus (STP) did not change significantly (P>0.05). There was a highly significantly positive correlation between SOC and STN, between STN and STP (P<0.01), while the correlation between SOC and STP was not significant (P>0.05). Redundancy analysis showed that herb leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry were more susceptible to soil factors than tree leaves, and shrub leaves were not affected by soil factors. This study focuses on the nutrient stoichiometry characteristics of leaves and soils of trees, shrubs and herbs in Kanas natural forests and their correlations, which are important for revealing the nutrient status characteristics of forest ecosystems in the region and providing theoretical data for the subsequent study of nutrient limitation in forest ecosystems in the area.