Research on the interaction between high-quality development and ecological environment is the key issue in realizing sustainable development and building a beautiful China. According to the development status of urbanization high-quality development and ecological environment in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration including 36 research units of cities and counties, as well as the research results of relevant scholars, the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 were selected as the primary years of analysis. This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration based on the concept of sustainable development and the conviction of beautiful China. Building an ecological environmental quality evaluation index system by drawing on the pressure-state-response model and applying the entropy weight method to measure the level of high-quality urban development and the level of ecological environmental quality. The coupling coordination degree model is used to measure the coupling coordination relationship between the urbanization high-quality development system and the ecological environment system; Furthermore, the geographic detector and social network analysis method are used to analyzes the interaction type and interaction intensity of factors that consisting of three parts of research contents, which respectively are urbanization quality-ecological environment quality system and within their own system that they are urbanization high-quality development system and the ecological environment system. The results show that:(1) the highly coupled is proved in high-quality development and quality of ecological environment of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration and demonstrating significant interactive effects. At the same time, the coupling and coordination level between urban high-quality development and ecological environment quality is low, which is dominated by low-level coupling coordination, showing an obvious spatial development structure with Chengdu-Chongqing as the dual core. (2) During the study period, the factors interaction between urbanization high-quality development and ecological environment is stronger than that within each system. There is a strong interactive collaborative effect between the urbanization high-quality development and ecological environment. The internal factors of each system are mainly dual-factor enhancement. And the interaction of each subsystem has obvious "Emergence Phenomenon" and "Butterfly Effect". (3) The ecological environment system plays a leading role in the interaction with urban development in the primary years of analysis including the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018. The result of the interaction strength of criterion layer shows that factors Ecological environment level and ecological environment pressure are the key leading interaction factors; Furthermore, resource endowment, ecological protection, resource consumption, environmental level, innovation force and cultural inheritance are major sub-factors in the he interaction strength of sub-criterion layer. This paper deeply dissects the interactive and cooperative mode of urbanization and ecological environment in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. So as to provide a strong and sustainable scientific basis for Chengdu-Chongqing's future high-quality development.