The rational design of ecological security patterns is an important safeguard for the healthy development of highland lake cities. Using Dali as the study area, we integrated ecosystem health and ecosystem services into ecological security assessment, attempted to correct the ecological resistance surface using land development probability, applied circuit theory to construct an ecological security pattern, and proposed an optimization plan. The results showed that Dali City's ecological security level had the spatial distribution characteristics of high-low-high. Total 53 ecological sources were identified, the ecological resistance surfaces were generated while future land development was taken into account. 111 ecological corridors were identified, 23 ecological pinch points were screened, and three-level ecological improvement areas were divided. We proposed to use the Erhai Sea as a core, Cang Mountain, and the southern forest area as two ecological barriers, Dali City's northeastern ecological reserve, the Haidong ecological restoration area, and the Manjiang-Fengyi ecological city construction area as three areas. Several ecological restoration areas between towns and cities as multi-groups to form the ecological security optimization pattern of "one core, two ecological barriers, three ecological areas, and many ecological groups". By incorporating ecosystem health and ecosystem services into the ecological security assessment and using the probability of land development to correct the resistance surface, the ecological security pattern constructed can more accurately reflect the need for ecological security pattern construction under the future development trend. This study offers a new perspective and method for constructing an urban ecological security pattern to provide a reference for the regional theory of urban ecological civilization construction and assist in the ecological livability of highland lake cities.