Habitat quality is related to regional sustainable development and human well-being. Assessing its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and predicting future changes are of great significance to the construction of ecological civilization and high-quality development. Taking Jiangxi Province as the study area, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality from 2000 to 2020 were quantitatively evaluated by using the InVEST model and hot spot analysis method, and the changes of land use and habitat quality from 2020 to 2050 were simulated and predicted by using the PLUS model. The results showed that:(1) from 2000 to 2020, the area of forest, shrub, sparse woodland land, paddy field and dry land in Jiangxi Province presented a decreasing trend, and the decreasing part was mainly located at the edge of Nanchang City and other cities, and turned to urban land and other construction land. (2) The overall habitat quality of Jiangxi Province is good, with a slight decline and accelerated decline in the mean value. It had the characteristics of spatio-temporal differentiation with Nanchang and other cities as the center, increased outward radiation and low in the middle, high around, low in the north and high in the south. Within 20 years, 8.52% of the regional habitat quality has been improved, 44.85% of the regions have been degraded, and the degraded regions radiated outward with low habitat quality as the core. Hot spot analysis showed that at the township scale, the spatial distribution of habitat quality and habitat degradation degree had similar clustering characteristics, but the high and low values were opposite. (3) According to the prediction results of PLUS model, the urban land and other construction land in Jiangxi Province would further expand sharply from 2020 to 2050. The spatio-temporal characteristics would be shown as the expansion circle around Poyang Lake and the East-West expansion belt from Pingxiang to Yichun to Xinyu to Nanchang to Fuzhou to Yingtan to Shangrao. The average value of habitat quality would maintain a downward trend, and the degraded areas would show similar spatio-temporal characteristics of "one ring and one belt". The research results can provide a scientific basis for improving the management system of mountain, water, forest, field, lake and grass system and the protection system of land and space development.