The regionally integrated development of the forestry industry is significantly influenced by the spatial correlation and spillover effects of forest carbon sinks. The scientific accounting of forest carbon sinks in each region and analysis of their spatial correlation characteristics provide a crucial foundation for developing differentiated carbon sink development policies. The forest stock expansion method was used to account for the forest carbon sinks of 31 Chinese provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) over six forest inventory periods from 1993 to 2018. The spatial econometric model was then used to analyze the spillover effects and influencing factors of forest carbon sinks. The findings revealed that:(1) China's overall forest carbon sinks were increasing, while forest carbon sinks in different regions varied greatly. The forest carbon sinks in southwestern provinces and northeastern forest areas were in the first echelon, and Shanghai and Beijing had a faster growth rate of carbon sinks. (2) There was a considerable spatial association between the distribution of forest carbon sinks in different parts of China during the study period, and the Moran index initially displayed an inverted "V" shaped change before increasing in a more stable pattern. (3) The forest carbon sink had an obviously regional spillover effect, which was divided into direct effects, indirect effects, and total effects by the spatial Durbin model. Forest carbon sinks in the immediate area and its neighbors were positively impacted by forestry management and stock levels, while negatively impacted by forestry industry development levels. In conclusion, local governments in China should consider regional factors when developing and implementing differentiated forestry carbon sink policies, and should use the overall spatial planning of national forestry policies to thoroughly coordinate regional forestry policies in order to achieve green and high-quality development of forestry under the leadership of the "community of destiny of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and forests".