Climate change may lead to the species' distribution change and even its' adaptation or extinction. Aiming to understand the potential distribution of the flagship and the endangered species of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops Hodgsonii) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) due to climate change, this study collected 316 geographic distribution points of Tibetan antelope distribution data based on field survey and 70 distribution points from the publications from January 2000 to January 2022. We selected 9 factors and used the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to simulate potential distribution of the Tibetan antelope in T1 period (from 2001 to 2018), T2 period (from 2021 to 2040), T3 period (from 2041 to 2060), T4 period (from 2061 to 2080), and T5 period (from 2081 to 2100). We predicted the effects of climate changes on the Tibetan antelope distribution and habitat quality which were analyzed under SSP126, SSP585 extreme concentration scenarios and SSP245 intermediate concentration scenarios. Results showed that:(1) core habitats of the Tibetan antelope mainly located in Hoh-xil, Change Tang, Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve, and Sanjiangyuan National Park; (2) The seasonal variations in temperature (Bio4) and elevation were the most critical environmental factors to affect distribution of the Tibetan antelope; (3) With increasing of greenhouse gas emissions intensity, core habitats of Tibetan antelope expanded to areas with higher elevation and latitude; (4) Nearly 43.18% of Tibetan antelope's core habitats were location outside of protected areas without effective conservation. In total, research on the geographical distribution of Tibetan antelope in response and adaptation to climate change has realistic significance for long term monitoring, population protection, effective management and reconstruction of suitable habitats for wildlife.