Urbanization expansion affects the supply of hydrological ecosystem services in the basin, which leads to the increase of hydrologically ecological environment pressure. It is of great significance to clarify tradeoffs and synergies relationship and attribution of hydrological ecosystem services for the win-win of socio-economic development and ecological sustainable management in the Dianchi Lake Basin. Based on the InVEST model, this paper estimated four key hydrological ecosystem services:carbon storage, nitrogen output, soil rendition and water yield in the Dianchi Lake Basin in 2000, 2010, and 2018, and analyzed the changes in the temporal and spatial patterns of hydrological ecosystem services. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity between hydrological ecosystem services in the Dianchi Lake Basin was analyzed by bivariate Moran's I index, and the attribution of hydrological ecosystem services was identified by redundancy analysis and conditional effect analysis. The results showed that:(1) the high value distribution of hydrological ecosystem services was closely related to land use cover. (2) The spatial change in hydrological ecosystem services were mainly reflected in the areas with strong disturbance of human activities around Dianchi Lake, showing a trend of increasing nitrogen export, soil conservation and water yield, and decreasing carbon storage. (3) The trade-offs and synergies of hydrological ecosystem services changed significantly. Carbon storage and soil conservation were synergistic; nitrogen export and water yield were synergistic at first and then trade-off; both water yield and nitrogen export were trade-offs with carbon storage and soil conservation. The former had no obviously spatial change, while the latter expanded synergy and narrowed trade-off range. (4) The hydrological ecosystem services were mainly affected by multiple factors, including DEM, proportion of cultivated land, proportion of forest land, and proportion of construction land. The research results can provide scientific basis and decision support for the environmental governance of the hydrological ecosystem and the optimal allocation of land use in the study area.