Conserving and enhancing forest carbon sinks is one of the important paths to achieve China's carbon neutrality goal. This paper summarized the research literatures on China's forest carbon stock and carbon stock change (CSC) in the past 10 years, with one aim to prove the current and potential forest carbon sink and its contribution to carbon neutrality, and the other aim to reveal the gaps and shortages in forest carbon sink simulation and prediction research, and to better support the national implementation pathways and actions to carbon neutrality. The results show that the mean annual CSC in China's forest ecosystems during 1999-2018 was about (208.0±44.5) TgC/a or (762.0±163.2) TgCO₂-eq/a, among which the mean annual CSC in forest biomass, dead organic matter and soil organic carbon were (168.8±42.4) TgC/a, (12.5±8.1) TgC/a and (26.7±10.9) TgC/a, respectively. In addition, the carbon stocks in harvested wood products and trees outside forest in China increased by (49.0±15.1) TgC/a and (12.0±11.1) TgC/a during 1999-2018, respectively. The mean annual CSC of biomass in arbor forests in China will increase from (145.9±38.3) TgC/a during 1999-2018 to (171.9±60.5) TgC/a in 2030s, and then gradually decrease to (146.9±57.7) TgC/a in 2050s. By 2050s, the mean annual CSC in China's forest ecosystems will reach (247.0±71.2) TgC/a or (905.2±260.8) TgCO₂-eq/a. The differences in the definitions of forests, data sources, estimation methods and parameters, and unreasonable assumptions in different studies resulted in a large uncertainty in the assessment and prediction results of China's forest carbon stock and its changes. It is necessary to unify the land use classification and clarify the changes in forest area and its spatial distribution, comprehensively consider the impacts of land use change, climate change and human activity management, and to assess the dynamics of all carbon pools in forest ecosystem in the future, which will effectively support achieving China's ambitious goal of carbon neutrality.