Vegetation phenology is undergoing profound changes as the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events increase. However, the mechanisms of end of growing season (EGS) response to the extreme climate has not yet been elucidated, especially for grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, this study focused on the temperate grasslands in China, extracted grassland phenological parameters based on the long-term GIMMS NDVI3g data from 1982 to 2015, and analyzed its temporal and spatial variation patterns. Additionally, correlation analysis and random forest models were used to explore the response of EGS in temperate grassland to the extreme climate change. The results showed that:(1) the multi-year average EGS in the whole region mainly occurred in 270-290 day of year (DOY), 59.8% of the pixels showed a delayed trend, and the pixels with a significant delay (P<0.05) were mainly distributed in Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang, the western Junggar Basin, the northern Loess Plateau, the western Hulunbuir Plateau, and the Xiaoxing'an Mountains. (2) There was a widespread positive correlation between EGS and extreme temperature events (yearly maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), yearly maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), percentage of days when daily minimum temperature > 90^th percentile (TN90P), percentage of days when daily maximum temperature > 90^th percentile (TX90P)). In contrast, the relationship between extreme precipitation events and EGS was relatively complex, which was closely related to the physiological strategies and environment of each grassland type. (3) Overall, maximum length of dry spell (CDD), daily temperature range (DTR), and TN90P were of great importance to the dynamic changes of EGS on the temperate grassland. For different grassland types, the EGS changes in temperate meadow steppe (TMS) were mainly affected by DTR; those changes in temperate mountain meadow (TMM) and temperate swampy meadow (TSM) were affected by TXx. TNx and TN90P had the greatest impacts on the temperate grassland forb (TGF) and temperate desert steppe (TDS), respectively; maximum length of wet spell (CWD) and CDD had the stronger effects on the EGS in temperate halobiotic meadow (THM) and temperate typical steppe (TTS) growing in water-limited areas, respectively.