As the connection between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, the coastal zone is not only an important regional and strategic center of national economic and social development, but also a hotspot of ecological environment destruction and pollution. For the impact of urbanization on ecological environment in coastal zone, most studies used 30 m spatial resolution Landsat data to analyze the encroachment of urban expansion on natural ecosystem, which ignored the complex ecological environment problems caused by industries or human activities such as estuary water pollution, abnormal seawater temperature, and natural coastline degradation. As a result, it is difficult to meet the needs of the coordinated land and marine management and comprehensive prevention and control. In this study, therefore, we constructed a comprehensive framework of "problem identification-pattern quantification-ground survey-ecosystem supervision" based on the coastal zone problems, then we formulated ecosystem supervision objectives and strategies by defining ecological and environmental problems, quantifying social-ecological patterns, and carrying out ground surveys. By integrating multi-source heterogeneous data such as high-resolution images, points of interest and roads, and combined with ground surveys, the social-ecological patterns that affected the ecological environment were accurately identified to realize spatially explicit ecosystem monitoring and management. Taking Shenzhen as a case, this study applied this research framework to divide Shenzhen's coastal zone into four types of ecosystem supervision units, including 153 priority protection units, most of them were woodlands distributed in the northeastern coastal zone, 7 core control units with large ecological risks, 597 key control units almost all distributed in the western coastal zone, and 223 general control units related to human daily activities. Finally, we proposed corresponding ecosystem supervision strategies respectively, in order to provide scientific support for the integrated management of coastal zone with coordinated land and marine.