The alpine meadow on Qinghai Tibet Plateau is an important component of alpine meadow ecosystem and grassland agroecosystem in the world, in which Gannan Prefecture alpine meadow plays a critical role in biodiversity conservation, ecosystems sustainable development, regulating the global climate and the carbon cycle process. But the degradation trend of it now is becoming severer and severer, 18.08% of its total grassland acreage is in danger and continuous deteriorate. As a result, retrograde succession occurs and brings about a serious threat to the world ecological security, while there are few studies about the evolution process, especially in the synthesis of multi-ecological factors, and few refer to the managing role of microbiome. Furthermore, amount researches showed the complexes of vegetation, soil and microorganism is critical to study the evolution regular of the degraded alpine meadow. Therefore, there were 3 aspects for the investigation and analysis according to the principle, and all samples were collected from the alpine meadow with different degradation degrees, light, moderate and severe degrees, in Luqu County, Xiahe County and Hezuo City respectively. The vegetation characteristics were analyzed, and the soil samples were collected for determining soil physiochemical properties, enzyme activity and microbial quantity. The result showed that with the deepening of degradation, the vegetation height, coverage, grass yield, and diversity indexes decreased, while the poisonous weeds such as Cyperaceae, Rosaceae and Ranunculaceae gradually replaced the dominant position of high-quality forages of Gramineae, and the grass yield of severely degraded grassland decreased almost 2000 kg/hm² by comparing with the lightly degraded grassland, which signify the alpine meadow weakening feasibility for grazing. The physicochemical properties of soil changed greatly, the dominant components of soil nutrients and soil enzymes served for the circulation of matter and flow of energy in the system, as well as the particles related to the sub-composition of soil structure changed in different ways. The soil total phosphorus, total potassium, porosity and silt generally decreased, while soil pH value, total salt, bulk density and clay showed an opposite direction. The soil total phosphorus and total potassium content decreased by 0.67 g/kg, 0.62 g/kg, respectively, when the degradation degree from light to severe. For the soil enzyme activities, soil urease activity, sucrase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity dropped, the decrease of sucrase activity from light to severe degradation degree was the largest, up to 0.45 mg/g/24h. The changing ways of soil physiochemical properties, enzyme activity could be concluded that the soil degradation was becoming more and more serious. Soil microorganisms were the most diverse community in the biosphere and the transition of their existence state was an indispensable driving force of biogeochemical cycle. The number of bacteria in soil microbial composition was the largest but its amount dropped significantly. The actinomycetes were also with the same trend along the degradation process, however, the number of fungi increased continuously. The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi decreased by 5×10⁶ cfu/g, 5×10⁵ cfu/g and 2×10³ cfu/g, respectively, with the degradation trend from light to severe degree. Correlation analysis showed that each factor had a strong correlation with the degradation degree, and the correlation coefficient was above 0.92, most of which were 0.99 or even 1. Generally, with the deepening of degradation, the dominant grassland species disappeared, vegetation height, coverage, grass yield and diversity decreased, soil nutrients and activity decreased, and showed a trend of salinization and desertification. This study provides a theoretical support for the formulation of the prediction, management and restoration schemes of the alpine meadow ecosystem degradation in Gannan.