The plant community was damaged or stripped by antimony (Sb) mining activities in the karst rocky desertification of Guizhou, China, which destroyed the species composition and structure of the community, damaged the function of this ecosystem. This study aims to well understand the actual vegetation, community characteristics and succession stage of the community with dominant species Betula luminifera in the Sb mining area, and provide the theoretical basis for revegetation and ecological rehabilitation. After the field investigation dataset of the ecological damaged area by Sb mining and control areas, the Levins's and Pianka's method were applied to evaluate the niche width of species, the interspecific niche overlap, and the interspecific associations were assessed by the chi-square test (χ²), Ochiai index (OI) and Pearson correlation. The results show that (1) there is only 14 families, 18 genera and 22 species in the ecological damaged area by Sb mining, which is lower than that of the undamaged area of control, with 30 families, 53 genera and 68 species. The only tree species is Betula luminifera, the shrubs layer species with top three importance values (IV) are Buddleja officinalis, Rubus parvifolius, Boehmeria penduliflora, and the herb layer with top five IV are Miscanthus sinensis, Polygonum capitatum, Ageratina Adenophora, Artemisia argyi and Bidens Pilosa in the ecological damaged area by Sb mining. (2) There are significantly positive between IV and niche width of species in the shrub-herb layer of Sb mining area and the layer of control area, while the niche width of different species shows inconsistence, which may be ascribed to the specific biological properties of the different species. Except for the niche overlap between Rubus coreanus and B. penduliflora is 1 in the Sb mining area, the niche overlap of others interspecies are low. (3) The main species of shrub layer in Sb mining area of karst rocky desertification has a significantly negative association, and the species pairs of negative associations are relatively high (5 pairs). The main species of herb layer of Sb mining area has no significant association, while high association values are observed between A. argyi and M. sinensis, A. argyi and Trifolium repens, T. repens and Ageratina Adenophora. It suggested the community at the early succession with extremely unstable stage. In the control area, the main species of tree and shrub layer show no significant associations, the main species of herb layer indicates the significantly positive association, indicating that the community is at relatively stable stage. (4) The results suggest that ideal plant candidates are the species with similar ecological habits, low niche overlap, and positive interspecific association for the purpose of Sb mining area revegetation, such as B. luminifera, Litsea cubeba, B. officinalis, R. parvifolius, A. argyi, Pteridium aquilinum, M. sinensis and Digitaria sanguinalis. It will help to construct the plant community with high stability of multiple stratified of trees, shrubs and herbs. Taken together, the plant community in Sb mining area characterized with low species composition, and unstable plant community, and an early stage of succession. It will take a long time for rebuilding the stable plant community in the Sb mining area, and the suitable native plant application and vegetation arrangement during the ecological rehabilitation help to facilitate the revegetation and sucession.