In order to explore the effects of vegetation regulation on the structure and function of soil bacterial community, a natural plant community at Tianjin Binhai International Airport was subjected to single turfgrass establishment or high-intensity mowing. Soil samples were collected during the spring, summer and autumn in the third year of the regulation measure. The composition, diversity and seasonal changes of soil bacterial community under different vegetation regulations were analyzed, and the functional characteristics of bacteria were predicted by using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and PICRUSt software. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla (relative abundance >5%) in all sampling plots. Compared with the control area, the relative abundance of soil Actinobacteria phylum significantly increased in the mowing area whereas the relative abundance of soil Gemmatimonadetes significantly increased in Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne areas in summer (P<0.05). The correlations between soil bacterial phyla were reduced by 21.4%, 46.4% and 67.9%, respectively, in the mowing, F. arundinacea and L. perenne plots compared with the control plot, which made bacterial networks simpler. The Shannon and Chao1 indices of the soil bacterial community in the regulated plots were significantly higher than those in the control plot in summer and autumn, whereas the Simpson index was significantly lower (P<0.05) in autumn. Difference analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways revealed that 25, 24 and 23 pathways in soil bacteria had significantly lower functional gene abundance in the mowing, F. arundinacea and L. perenne plots, respectively, compared with the control plot, mainly in glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, cell motility, cell growth and death, nucleotide metabolism. The findings suggest that vegetation regulation altered the structure of soil bacterial community, simplified bacterial network, and decreased the metabolic function.