Atmospheric dust fall is the main source of soil heavy metals in mining area. Biocrusts have a significant enrichment effect on heavy metal. In order to explore enrichment laws of how biocrust at different succession stages capture and concentrate heavy metals from atmospheric dust fall and its influencing factors, biocrusts wide-spread area around typically thermal power station in Ningdong Energy Industrial Base were taken as experimental site, three types of biocrusts were selected as study objects, and bare soils nearby were set as control. Based on the comparison analysis of changes of soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and heavy metal contents during the process of the enrichment of atmospheric dust fall by biocrusts, the relationship between heavy metal contents and soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities of biocrustal layer (A horizon) and subsoil (B horizon) were analyzed by using the methods of correlation analysis, redundancy analysis and variance partitioning analysis. The results indicated that, flue gas was the main source of atmospheric dust fall heavy metal pollution, the involved heavy metal elements including Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn, As. Biocrusts had significant enrichment effect on heavy metal elements derived from atmospheric dust fall, and demonstrated a totally consistent law among biocrusts of different types as followed Moss crust >Mixed crust >Algal crust. The comprehensive pollution index indicated that biocrusts had a certain surface enrichment effect on heavy metals, which demonstrated as A horizon had a higher pollution level than that of B horizon. Compared with control, the three types of biocrusts all could enrich atmospheric dust fall and increase the nutrient, fine particles and improve its soil textures of A and B horizons. Variation partitioning results indicated that soil chemical properties were the single environmental variables of the highest degree of explanation influencing the heavy metals content. Redundancy and correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, enzymatic activity, bulk density were the main environmental factors that influenced the heavy metals content in A, B horizons of different biocrusts.