How earthworm affects the accumulation of organic carbon in soils is one of the key questions in soil ecology. Earthworms promote soil organic carbon decomposition and stabilization simultaneously and this two-sided effect is known as the "Earthworm Dilemma". Evidences and the emerging conceptual model of the "soil microbial carbon pump" suggest that microbial residue is a major contributor to soil organic matter. By reviewing the researches on interaction effects between earthworm and microbial residues (amino sugars), we found that:(1) most of the previous studies neglected how do earthworms affect microbial residues, earthworms' role in regulating microbial residues was seriously overlooked; (2) The direction and magnitude of the earthworms' influence on soil microbial residue were of great uncertain, there was an extreme short of extensive researches for quantifying and analyzing the drivers and its mechanisms. This paper attempted to integrate earthworms' effects into the conceptual model of "Soil Microbial Carbon Pump". We discussed 3 perspectives of possible mechanisms of how earthworms affected soil microbial residues, i.e. (1) modifying soil microbial biomass and community structure, (2) altering microbial physiological state, and (3) altering soil aggregate structure. Furthermore, we proposed 6 future research directions including:(1) earthworms' selective feeding on microorganisms, (2) gut-mediated microbial "fluctuation" phenomenon, (3) "destruction and restruction" of mineral-associated organic matter, (4) induced "priming" and "entombing" effects, (5) multi-functional groups interactions, and (6) earthworm ecology in the context of global change. It aims to provide some guides for further understanding the effect of earthworm-microbial interaction on soil organic matter.