The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and economic zone in China. Study of windbreak and sand-fixing services and their driving mechanisms is of great significance for building a firm ecological security barrier in the Yellow River Basin. This paper quantitatively assessed the spatial and temporal variation of windbreak and sand-fixing service in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2018 based on the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ). The correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression models (GWR) were used to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the influence of various drivers on windbreak and sand-fixing service in the Yellow River Basin from the perspectives of society, climate, soil, vegetation and topography. The results show that (1) the soil wind erosion modulus and the amount of windbreak and sand-fixing service per unit area in the Yellow River Basin decreased at the rates of 0.04 t hm^-2 a^-1 and 0.14 t hm^-2 a^-1, respectively, from 2000 to 2018, while the windbreak and sand-fixing service retention rate and vegetation cover increased at the rates of 0.05%·a^-1 and 0.26%·a^-1, respectively. (2) Soil wind erosion in the Yellow River basin was predominantly slight (<2 t hm^-2 a^-1) and mild (2-25 t hm^-2 a^-1), accounting for a total of 96.28% of the study area. Soil wind erosion showed a spatial distribution of high in the northwest and low in the southeast, while high values of windbreak and sand-fixing service were mainly distributed in the northwest and downstream watersheds. (3) There is significant spatial heterogeneity in the effects of the drivers on the windbreak and sand-fixing service in the Yellow River Basin, with precipitation, temperature, actual evapotranspiration, soil clay content, soil organic matter content and slope gradient mainly showing negative inhibition, while wind speed, air pressure, Normalizd Difference Vegetation Index and soil coarse sand content mainly show positive promotion. The results of this study can provide some references and basis for desertification control and ecological protection and restoration in the Yellow River basin.