Achieving low-carbon human well-being is the fundamental requirement of sustainable development. The index of carbon intensity of human well-being is a new measure of sustainable development. This paper used the index of carbon intensity of human well-being and employed the exploratory spatial data analysis method to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of global carbon intensity of human well-being. The spatial Durbin model was applied to reveal the influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of global carbon intensity of human well-being. The results showed that:(1) global carbon intensity of human well-being had significantly declined from 1980 to 2016, but there was a significant gap in the carbon intensity of human well-being between Northern America, Europe, Oceania nations and other regional nations (regions). (2) Economic development, energy consumption structure, industrialization, capital accumulation, and mortality rate had increased the global carbon intensity of human well-being, while dependence on foreign trade had reduced it. (3) The global carbon intensity of human well-being presented a regional heterogeneous structure in the driving and dynamic evolution of various factors. The impacts of industrialization, dependence on foreign trade, energy consumption structure, capital accumulation, and mortality rate on the global carbon intensity of human well-being reflected obvious "north-south difference" and heterogeneously spatial spillover effects due to the different levels and stages of economic development. (4) Energy consumption structure, industrialization, capital accumulation, and mortality rate in the neighboring nations of a nation increased the carbon intensity of human well-being in the nation, but the carbon intensity of human well-being in the nation also decreased with the economic development and dependence on foreign trade of the neighboring nations.