Climate change is not only an ongoing challenge for humans, but also a crisis for wildlife to deal with. As flagship species of the plateaus and mountains in the central Asia, the survival and reproduction status of Panthera uncia can reflect the health of ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other regions. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are warming much faster than the global average. It is significant for conservation of plateau species to study the impact of climate change on the habitat of Panthera uncia. Taking Panthera uncia as the research object, this study makes use of the environmental data of four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) climate model were used corresponding to the future mid-21st century and the end of the 21st century under the CMIP6 climate model. Based on the Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt), combined with ENMTool, SDMTool, ArcGis, R and other tools, we simulate and analyze the impact of climate change on the suitable habitat of Panthera uncia due to current and future global development models. The results show that:(1) the major environmental variables which affect the distribution of Panthera uncia include:two climatic variables (annual mean temperature and the minimum temperature of the coldest month), two topographic variables (elevation and slope), and one hydrological variable (distance to the nearest river). (2) Under the current climatic model, the global total area of potential suitable distribution areas for Panthera uncia is approximately 11.22 million km², of which the low suitable area is 5.35 million km², the moderate suitable area is 3.86 million km², and the high suitable area is 2.01 million km². China has 5.57 million km² of Panthera uncia suitable area, of which the low suitable area is 1.46 million km², the moderate suitable area is 2.56 million km², and the high suitable area is 1.54 million km². (3) In the future, the medium and high suitable areas of Panthera uncia under different climate models will shrink to varying degrees, and the response of Panthera uncia high-suitable areas to climate change will be more significant. The Panthera uncia's high suitable areas located in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Kunlun Mountains, the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains and the Hindu Kush Mountains are more fragmented and more susceptible to climate change. In addition, under the medium development path (SSP245) and high-speed development path (SSP585) climate models, the new high suitable areas of the Panthera uncia help to enhance the connectivity among the Panthera uncia distribution areas. The results show that climate change has a great impact on the habitat of Panthera uncia. It is recommended to strengthen the attention and protection of plateau species such as Panthera uncia.