Soil water-stable aggregates strongly affect soil process and function, which is an important index to reflect soil quality and soil erosion resistance. In order to explore the effect of vegetation restoration on soil erosion resistance in semi-arid loess region, in this study, through three restoration methods (natural grassland, natural restoration, artificial restoration) and seven vegetation types (Stipa grandis grassland, Stipa bungeana grassland, Leymus secalinus grassland, Medicago sativa grassland, Caragana korsinskii shrub, Armeniaca sibirica forest and Pinus tabulaeformis forest) were selected in the Longtan catchment of Dingxi in Gansu Province. The composition, stability and erosion resistance characteristics of soil aggregates were analyzed by measuring 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil water-stable aggregates. The results showed that:1) there are significant differences in the stability of soil water-stable aggregates among different vegetation types and different restoration methods (P<0.05). The average weight diameter of soil aggregates in natural restoration grassland was significantly higher than that in natural restoration and artificial restoration vegetation, and the mass percentage of soil macroaggregates of the seven vegetation types was 67.97%-90.12%. The stability of soil water-stable aggregates under artificial restoration was poor, among which the stability of Pinus tabulaeformis forest was the worst. 2) The destruction rate of soil aggregates and the ability of soil erosion resistance showed that the natural restoration method was more beneficial to the improvement of soil structure stability. 3) The higher the content of water-stable macroaggregates in soil, the more stable the soil aggregate, the better the soil structural stability; there was a very significantly negative correlation between soil average weight diameter and soil erodibility factor K (P<0.01). The results of this study show that the natural restoration method can significantly improve the stability of soil aggregates, thus improving the soil anti-erosion ability, so as to improve the soil erosion resistance, suggested the plant in the future.