Surveillance, monitoring and management are important measures to maintain the ecological benefits from the ecological protection and restoration projects. Evaluation on these projects is needed to protect the eco-environmental safety and an effective measure for the ecological management. Based on the investigation on the domestic and abroad studies on the methodology, the indicator selection and the application, this study proposes an index system to evaluate the ecological effects of the ecological protection and restoration projects, focusing on the implementation goals of the ecological protection and restoration projects as well as ecological supervision objectives. Taking the concept of "a living community of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands", the types of ecological protection and restoration projects, the operability and compatibility of indicators, and other factors into comprehensive consideration, the index system that includes the ecological and environmental achievements as well as the project management performances is established using the methods of frequency analysis, expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process. Among them, the ecological and environmental achievements indicators are composed of common and individual indicators. Common indicators include specific indicators of ecosystem pattern, ecosystem function, and ecological interference. Individual indicators include specific indicators of different project types, such as forest protection and restoration projects, grassland protection and restoration projects, wetland protection and restoration projects, mine restoration projects, sand control projects, rock desertification management projects, soil erosion management projects, geological disaster management projects, and comprehensive watershed treatment projects. The indicators of project management performances mainly include specific indicators of project performance, project implementation, and public satisfaction. The values of assessment indicators focus on the change rates of their values to the background values, reflecting the relevant changes arising from the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects. Based on the assessment of each indicator, the implementation performances of ecological protection and restoration projects is evaluated through comprehensive calculation. According to the ecosystem pattern index, ecosystem function index, ecological disturbance index, project management effectiveness index, and individual indexes of different project types, a comprehensive index of ecological protection and restoration project implementation performances is obtained. On this basis, the implementation performances of ecological protection and restoration projects is graded into four levels:unqualified, average, good, and excellent, indicating the status of implementation performances of ecological protection and restoration projects. This study can provide a guiding method and important reference for assessing the implementation performances of ecological protection and restoration projects in accordance with the ecological supervision requirements.