Soil moisture is a key control factor for slope runoff generation and biogeochemical processes. Rainfall events can affect runoff paths, runoff mechanisms, and soil erosion processes in watersheds by causing soil moisture responses at different depths in the soil profile. Based on the typical tea gardens in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, through long-term, fixed-point and high-frequency meteorological and moisture data observations, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture in different soil depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40cm) of tea gardens under different rainfall regimes was studied, and the dynamic variation of soil moisture in the rainy season at different depths of tea gardens and the response characteristics to different rainfall regimes were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The rainfall and soil moisture content in the study area showed obvious seasonal characteristics. Rainfall peaked in July and soil moisture levels peaked in August. It showed that rainfall was an important factor affecting the change of soil moisture content, and soil moisture had an obvious response process to rainfall. (2) Under the same rainfall conditions, soil water content had obvious vertical gradient changes. With the increase of soil depth, the response of soil moisture to rainfall gradually showed a hysteresis phenomenon. The topsoil (0-20cm) responds to rainfall more rapidly and the amplitude was more obvious, the change of water content in the deep soil (30-40cm) was relatively stable, and the response time to rainfall was more sluggish. With the increase of soil depth, the variation range of soil moisture content gradually became stable. (3) The soil moisture content showed significant differences with different rainfall regimes. Under the condition of high rainfall intensity, soil moisture changes appeared in the rising period, the plateau period and the retreating period. In the rainfall with small rainfall intensity and short duration, the effect of rainfall on soil moisture was mainly manifested in the soil surface layer (0-10cm). The greater the rainfall intensity, the faster the soil moisture infiltration, and the deeper the soil response depth were exhibited in the early stage of rainfall. Studying the characteristics of soil moisture variation characteristics in typical tea gardens in the Three Gorges Reservoir area under different rainfall patterns will provide a theoretical basis for the optimal allocation of precipitation resources and the prevention and controlling of ground source pollution in the gardens, which is of great significance to regional soil erosion control and the prevention and control of non-point source pollution.