Based on the data of carbon measurement and monitoring system of China's forestry addressing climate change, carbon storage and carbon sink of forest land and other biomass in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2020 were estimated by using the carbon measurement model and parameters established by the specific survey of forest carbon pools, also combining the previous national forest inventory data. The results showed that:(1) In 2020, the total carbon storage of forest land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was 24543.58 Tg C (including 4372.85 Tg C of carbon storage of forest vegetation), and the carbon storage of other biomass such as scattered trees and four-side trees was 329.59 Tg C. In 2020, the carbon sink of forest land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was 81.81Tg C/a (300.26 Tg CO₂/a), and the carbon sink of other biomass such as scattered trees and four-side trees was 6.60 Tg C/a(24.21 Tg CO₂/a). The arbor forestland accounted for the largest proportion (69%-85%) of the total carbon storage or carbon sink of forest land as well as forest vegetation. Among all 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the carbon storage or carbon sink of Yunnan Province took the 1^st place, while Shanghai was the last. For forest land carbon storage, soil organic matter contributed the most (81.46%), while biomass contributed the most (90.99%) to forest land carbon sinks. ‘Land that has always been forest land’ contributed the most to forest land carbon sinks (71.74%), of which the carbon sink generated by the land that has always been arbor forest accounted for 69.89%. (2) The contribution of four key ecological projects (namely, the Yangtze River Shelterbelt Project, the Natural Forest Protection Program, the Pearl River Shelterbelt Program and the Coastal Shelterbelt Project) to the carbon storage and carbon sinks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was expounded. Among the four key ecological projects, the Yangtze River Shelterbelt Project made the largest contribution (81%-83%), followed by the Natural Forest Protection Program (32%-38%), while the Pearl River Shelterbelt Program and the Coastal Shelterbelt Project had less impact. In addition, the contribution of ecological protection and restoration measures to carbon storage and carbon sinks of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was analyzed, including plantations, young and middle-aged forest tending, secondary forest and low-efficiency forest transformation, and degraded forest restoration. An effective path was proposed to enhance forest carbon storage and carbon sinks under the carbon neutral vision.