Vegetation is the main component of terrestrial ecosystem, the core element of ecological quality evaluation, the basis ensuring ecological quality, and an important tool to increase carbon sink for nature-based solutions and realize "carbon neutralization". Most of the current indices used for ecological quality evaluation are achieved through approaches of remote sensing retrieval or meteorological index model. The vegetation quality index based on long-term monitoring in the field are more authentic but rarely used in ecological quality evaluation. Therefore, this study constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system of vegetation ecological quality at site scale based on literature research, expert consultation, questionnaire survey, and theories of plant community succession and ecosystem long-term monitoring. This index system is formed by indicators of three levels. The first level index is composed of four second level indicators:vegetation structure index, vegetation production index, biodiversity index, and vegetation development or succession trend. The third level indicators include 12-14 indicators based on field survey. Different vegetation types have a few specific indexes. We expected that this research could improve the vegetation ecological quality index system of multi-scale terrestrial ecosystem in China, and provide scientific support for national ecological quality evaluation in the new era.