Analyzing and exploring ecological security patterns from the perspective of dominant ecological functions is an important way to clarify the ecological security and protect biodiversity in the watershed. Taking the Fuhe River Basin as the research object, according to the natural conditions and ecological status of the study area, this paper used multi-source spatial data to quantitatively evaluate ecosystem services including water connotation, soil conservation and biodiversity based on the dominant ecological functions. This paper selected the ecological sources by combining Granularity Inverse Method and hot spot analysis to construct the resistance surfaces by integrating natural conditions and factors influenced by human activities, and to construct the ecological corridors by applying circuit theory. On these bases, this paper identified key areas of ecological restoration and proposed measures to optimize ecological security patterns. The results showed that there were 25 ecological sources covering area of 5574.63 km², mainly forest and grassland, with 60 corridors totaling 1126.91 km between them. The key ecological restoration areas were identified based on ecological security pattern, including 26 ecological pinch points totaling 182.99km, 19 ecological barrier points totaling 167.09 km², 146 ecological break points, and fragment ecological land totaling 3283.79 km². Combining the ecological security pattern and key areas of ecological restoration, the "three axes and six zones" ecological security spatial layout optimization system was constructed. It would help to provide scientific guidance for maintaining the ecological security of the Fuhe River Basin and implementing the restoration of the national spatial ecosystem.