Carbon sink forests is one of the effective ways to achieve "carbon neutrality". Besides soil carbon (C) sink, soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stocks and stoichiometry were investigated under different afforestation patterns, which provides the theoretical basis for estimating soil nutrition stocks. A single-factor randomized block design was used to investigate C, N, and P contents, stocks, their stoichiometric characteristics and soil microbial biomass carbon in soils with different soil depths under four afforestation patterns including new afforestation, closed mountain afforestation, replanting, and regeneration. The results showed that the storage of soil C, N, and P decreased with soil depth. The range of soil C/N, C/P and N/P under the four afforestation patterns were 11.11-17.86, 17.00-242.59 and 1.18-15.99, respectively. Soil C/P and N/P under closed mountain afforestation were significantly higher than the other afforestation patterns, while regeneration pattern showed the lowest. The soil C was positively correlated to soil N and N/P, soil N was positively correlated with C/P. In summary, the content and stock of soil C and N were the highest under closed mountain afforestation, while phosphorus content was the lowest, indicating that the closed mountain afforestation is an effective afforestation to promote the accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen. However, the capacity of soil carbon sink under closed mountain afforestation may be weakened by soil phosphorus limitation. Regeneration pattern has less nutrition limitation, which has great potential to sequestration carbon.