Climate change has caused substantial effects on plant phenology over the past decades. Shifts in spring budburst not only affect carbon sink capacity by changing plants' photosynthesis but also influence the structure and function of the ecosystem by altering the relationship between species within the forest community. Understanding how spring budburst of different species respond to climate change is thus essential to improve our knowledge of phenological temporal niche differentiation, carbon and water cycles, as well as the energy balance of terrestrial ecosystems. In order to improve the ability of the spring phenology model and the influence underlying the responses of spring budburst to climate change, we selected five typical temperate tree species in Beijing, i.e. Carpinus turczaninowii, Betula dahurica, Larix principis-rupprechtii, Tilia mandshurica, and Acer truncatum, to test the effects of winter chilling, spring temperature and photoperiod on spring budburst by using twig cutting experiment. We found that photoperiod had no significant effect on spring budburst while increasing spring temperature and winter chilling significantly advanced budburst date. From 5℃ to 20℃, the budburst was advanced by 54.5 days on average, and it was shortened under high chilling conditions by about 17.8 days. The photoperiod had no significant effect on the budburst of each tree species. The average budburst of tree species was 30.3 and 30.5 days under the condition of 8 hours and 16 hours of photoperiod, respectively. In addition, the time interval of budburst between the five tree species was significantly shortened with the spring warming, which might be caused by the heating requirements of budburst under different temperature treatments, which was mainly caused by the decrease of heat requirement for budburst with the increase of temperature, and the chilling had no significant effect on their time interval. Under the background of climate change, the budburst and time interval of budburst between tree species is likely to largely shorten, which would change the differentiation of temporal niche, leading to the increased inter-species competition. This study clarifies the impact of climate change on the budburst and time interval of temperate broad-leaved tree species and provides theoretical support for the formulation of forest ecosystem community dynamics and forest sustainable operation and management strategies under the condition of climate change.