In the current construction of ecological civilization in China, ecological restoration of territorial space has become a national strategy. Thus, it is of great significance to carry out research on ecological protection and restoration in typical regions. In this study, Kaidu River Basin (KRB) was selected as the research sample, and the ecological security pattern of this region was constructed based on a buffer zone expanded by 20% in the study area. The InVEST model and the MSPA analysis method were introduced to identify the ecological sources. Moreover, the construction of the resistance surface and the human settlement index (HSI) were selected to adjust the basic resistance surface set by the land use type. Furthermore, the Circuitscape model based on circuit theory was used to extract ecological corridors, pinch points, and barrier points, so as to identify the ecological security pattern of the KRB. Subsequently, the ecological protection and restoration pattern for this region was constructed based on the combing of the ecological security pattern and ecological function zoning of the study area. According to the results, an ecological source area of 15468.94 km² and an ecological corridor of 498.87 km were identified in the KRB. Based on this, an ecological security pattern consisting of ecological sources, corridor network systems, and key points of regional ecological protection and restoration has been formed. Moreover, a total of 31 ecological pinch-points were identified that needed to be protected, and 9 ecological barriers and 24 ecological breakpoints were in an urgently dangerous condition. Based on the ecological security pattern, ecological base, and ecological function zoning, the ecological protection and restoration pattern of "one axis, two cores, one network, and multiple areas" in the KRB was identified, which required corresponding protection and restoration measure. This research provides a useful reference for the preparation of territorial and spatial ecological restoration planning and the practice of regional ecological protection and restoration.