Exploring the effects of forest fire disturbance at different degree on plant species diversity characteristics and soil physicochemical properties in Pinus tabuliformis coniferous secondary forest and the relationship between the species diversity characteristics and soil physicochemical properties was important for the sustainable management of Pinus tabuliformis coniferous secondary forest after disasters. The species diversity and soil physicochemical properties of Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forest community after forest fire disturbance at different degree were analyzed by using typical plot survey method in Yaolin Temple Forest Park, Shanxi Province. The results showed that:(1) A total of 38 species of vascular plants were recorded in the survey and study sample. The species number showed control check (CK) >severe>medium under different levels of forest fire disturbance. (2) The Simpson index and Margalef index of tree layer and α diversity index of shrub layer were significantly increased compared with CK after severe forest fire disturbance. The pattern of change in the herbaceous layer was opposite to that of the shrub layer. (3) The stability of the community in the sample plot was moderate > CK > severe. (4) The moisture content, organic matter content, total N content, hydrolysable N content and available P content in 0-10 cm soil layer significantly increased by 35.42%, 102.89%, 29.41%, 21.67% and 48.50% compared with CK after severe forest fire disturbance. The total N content, total P content, total K content, available P content and available K content in 10-20 cm soil layer significantly decreased by 54.17%, 28.94%, 7.47%, 1.74% and 14.13% compared with CK after severe forest fire disturbance.(5) The results of the redundancy analysis showed that total N, hydrolysable N, total P in the 0-10 cm layer soil and total N, hydrolysable N, water content in the 10-20 cm layer soil can better explain the differences in species diversity in the tree, shrub and herb layers. The species with strongly reproductive ability after forest fire disturbance occupied the dominant position. The vegetation community structure was more stable after moderate forest fire disturbance. The moisture content, organic matter content and hydrolysable N content in the 0-10cm and 10-20cm soil layers increased significantly after forest fire disturbance, while total P content and total K content decreased significantly. The growth of understory vegetation community can be promoted by adjusting soil environmental factors (such as N and P) which have significant influence on species diversity in the restoration of fire areas.