Under the background of ecological civilization, the construction of new-type urbanization emphasizes the ecological and efficient convolution development to realize the comprehensive growth of economic, social and ecological benefits. Taking the central urban area of Beijing as the research object, the quantitative evaluation of the current green space elements was carried out based on the improved ecological green equivalent. The linear programming model was used to adjust the factor structure under the objective of maximizing ecosystem services, and feasible implementation suggestions were provided for each region. The results showed that:(1) except for Xicheng District and Shijingshan District, the other regions did not meet the requirements of ecological green equivalent. (2) After optimizing and adjusting the linear programming model, the eco-green equivalent of Dongcheng District met the requirements, and the ecosystem service level increased by 4.23%. The ecological green equivalent in Chaoyang, Fengtai and Haidian districts increased to 0.77, 0.73 and 0.90, respectively, and the ecosystem services level increased by 6.79%, 10.49% and 5.76%, respectively. (3) Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and other areas should give priority to the improvement of natural landscape elements, strengthen the afforestation of shallow mountainous areas in the west, supplement the riverside green space of Wenyu River, Yongding River, Qinghe River and Nansha River, and vigorously promote the incremental quality improvement of the two green isolation belts; Dongcheng District focused on improving the ecological source area formed by large patches. The methods and paths of quantification and optimization of ecosystem services in high-density construction of central urban area were explored, which provided the scientific reference for high-quality development of central urban area in Beijing.