The interrelation of urban and rural construction land is an important aspect of spatially structural evolution, which has a profound impact on ecological environment quality. To study the impact of urban and rural construction land interrelation on ecosystem service for high-quality development of national space great significance. Taking the Dongting Lake area as example, this paper used gravity model, InVEST model, panel data model and other methods to quantitatively study the impact of urban and rural construction land on ecosystem services. The results showed that:(1) the size of urban construction land in the Dongting Lake area showed an upward trend, while the scale of rural residential land presented a downward trend. (2) The correlation intensity of urban and rural construction land was increasing. The strong correlation grid extended from the built-up area to the surrounding area, and the low correlation grid was distributed far away from the built-up area. (3) Habitat quality and carbon storage decreased, while food supply increased, and the value of ecosystem services had significant spatial heterogeneity. (4) The correlation intensity of urban and rural construction land had the negative impact on ecosystem services. Population density, GDP density, night light, road network also had the negative impact on ecosystem services. There was a significant positive correlation between Normalized difference vegetation index and ecosystem services. The results are helpful to understand the impact mechanism of urban and rural construction land on ecosystem services from the perspective of correlation, and can provide a scientific basis for formulating rational urban and rural spatial development strategies.