Wind erosion prevention service (WEPS) is a kind of protection services provided by ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions, which is critical for protecting the ecological environment security of the soil erosion area and the surrounding area. Based on the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) model, this study simulated the spatiotemporal dynamics change of the WEPS and the soil retention rate. Then we used the Geodetector to analyze the independent contribution of natural and socio-economic factors including numerical variables and type variables to the spatial distribution of the WEPS. Also including the influence of the interaction between these factors on the spatial pattern of the WEPS in Otindag from 1980 to 2018. The results indicated that (1) from 1980 to 2018, the wind speed decline in the Otindag area, the implementation of eco-restoration policies such as area rotation grazing and grassland reseeding, combined with climate change suitable for vegetation growth, had improved the overall service capacity of the WEPS. The amount of wind erosion prevention per unit area decreased in fluctuations which was the minimum in 2015, with the number of 13.01 kg/m². At the same time, the average soil retention rate increased in fluctuations and reached a maximum in 2018 which was 94.28%; (2) The soil type, the number of livestock at the end of the year, the annual precipitation and the area of artificial afforestation were the main factors affecting the spatial distribution pattern of WEPS. When the above driving factors were in the Skeletol primitive soils, 52.84-86.86 million heads, 404.21 mm, and 5167 hm² respectively, the corresponding average amount of wind erosion prevention per unit area were the largest. Among them, the soil type played the most important role and its q value was 75.15%, while the q value of the number of livestock at the end of the year, the annual precipitation and the area of artificial afforestation were 25.20%, 24.16% and 21.11% respectively; (3) The interaction between the driving factors would amplify the impact of a single factor on the spatial distribution of WEPS in the Otindag. Among which, the interaction between soil type and other factors had a greater impact on the spatial changes of the WEPS than any single factor. Thus, the soil type became the most critical factor influencing the spatial distribution of the WEPS. On the other hands, even though the q value of average temperature was not as high as the soil type, it still made a significant difference on the WEPS spatial distribution because temperature could change the pattern of other driving factors. that could produce strongly indirect impact on the spatial distribution of WEPS. Therefore, under the effects of soil type and annual average temperature, the improvement of WEPS and the mitigation of the degree in wind erosion is closely related to the changes of annual average wind speed, precipitation and the spatial distribution change of other factors, such as the artificial afforestation area and the livestock at the end of year which are caused by the Ecological Protection and Construction Project on WEPS in Beijing-Tianjin area since 2000.