The serious hydraulic scouring of the unstable slopes of dumps in opencast coal mines in loess areas can easily induce variously geological hazards. In the process of vegetation restoration, different micro-topographies formed by the coupling of different vegetation restoration modes and hydraulic effects can affect the restoration and development of vegetation through different interception effects on seeds. In order to investigate the seed interception benefits of different micro-topographies in dumping sites and the restoration potential of different vegetation restoration modes, three micro-topographies formed under different restoration modes, namely, rill, scrub mound and grass strip, were selected as research objects in this study. The adjacent bare slopes were used as controls to study the characteristics of the soil seed bank and its interception power by measuring its soil seed bank storage, calculating the species diversity index and seed interception index. The results show that:(1) the soil seed bank in all micro-topographies was dominated by annual Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae; the soil seed bank in the scrub mound had richer species and higher diversity index. (2) The soil seed bank in all micro-topographies had superficial aggregation; the total soil seed bank in the grass strip micro-topographies had the largest storage capacity, and the soil seed bank density at the 0-2 cm soil layer in the grass strip was significantly higher than that in each soil layer of each micro-topography (P<0.05). (3) The seeds were better intercepted in the upper slope by the rill and scrub mound, with a seed interception index of 0.58 and 0.27, respectively; and the seeds were better intercepted in the lower slope by the grass strip, with a seed interception index of 0.60. In summary, the scrub mound formed by the Artemisia desertorum restoration model was conducive to increasing the species diversity of the soil seed bank and more effective in intercepting seeds on the upper slopes; and the grass strip was conducive to increasing the storage capacity of the soil seed bank and more capable of intercepting seeds on the lower slopes. Therefore, when revegetating dumping sites in loess areas, the advantages of different micro-topographies on the distribution characteristics of the soil seed bank should be used to build a suitable composite vegetation restoration model.