Investigating the coupling relationship and driving mechanism between eco-environment and high-quality development is conducive to alleviating the contradiction between regional eco-environment and high-quality development, which is of great significance to realize regional sustainable development. This study constructs the index system of eco-environment and high-quality development. The coupling coordination degree model, spatial Markov chain, BP neural network, and geographically weighted regression model (GWR) combination model are employed to systematically discuss the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics, spatiotemporal evolution trend and driving mechanism of coupling coordination between ecological environment and high-quality development in Fujian Province during 2005-2020. The results show that:The results show that:(1) During the investigation period, the average value of eco-environment index was around 0.35 in Fujian Province. The county eco-environment quality was relatively stable, which appeared in a spatial distribution pattern of low coastal and high inland. The county-level units with the high level of the eco-environment index were centered in the Nanping-Sanming-Longyan urban-town convergence axis. While the high-quality development tended to rise after an initial decline, which presented a spatial distribution pattern of high coastal and low inland. Fuzhou and Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou metropolitan areas were the engines of regional development in Fujian Province, and the high-quality development level tended to gather at a high stage. However, the spatial combination of the eco-environment and the high-quality development index showed a dislocation characteristic. (2) The coupling relationship between the county-level eco-environment and high-quality development tended to increase after an initial decrease in Fujian Province and showed obviously spatial heterogeneity. The coordinated development of neighborhood coupling relationship could enhance the trend of regional spatial collaborative evolution, indicating that the rise of its own ecological environment or high-quality development level would radiate and drive the rise of the surrounding county ecological environment and high-quality development level. Conversely, the unbalanced development of neighborhood coupling relationship could enhance the role of spatial constraints, indicating that the low degree of county coupling coordination would affect the improvement of ecological environment quality or high-quality development level of surrounding counties. (3) Different dimensions of high-quality development have positive effects on the eco-environment. The key factors which drive to ameliorate eco-environment quality are coordinated development and green development, and its influence degree is characterized by a circle-type spatial distribution. In this connection, promoting the coordinated development of high-quality development and eco-environment is conducive to promoting the coupling and coordination of regional ecological environment and high-quality development. Enable high-quality development to promote substantively the improvement of eco-environmental quality.