The changes in China's ecological resource valuation system were studied using field investigation and theoretical analysis methods. The theoretical framework for ecological resource valuation coupling ecological capital and social capital was furtherly put forward. First, through the logic of valuation, two major paths of valuation were concluded, that is, valuation of flow and valuation of stock. Meanwhile, the deficiencies of the research were pointed out by analyzing the existing literature on ecological resources valuation, which included the lack of geological perspective in valuation of flow and the lack of holistic perspective in valuation of stock. Second, the valuation of ecological resources in different historical stages was compared. It found that in the planned economy period the government realized the control of flow and stock and the reasonable distribution of ecological resource benefits through the public ownership and single-element management of ecological resources. In the early phase of market-oriented reforms, the use and ownership of ecological resources were gradually separated, which encouraged social capital to drive the development of productivity, but also caused problems such as ecological crisis and the widening gap between rich and poor. In the later stage of market-oriented reforms, various localities continued to practice and explore the governance of all ecological elements, and pursued common prosperity and realization of the goal of ecological civilization through the multi-dimensional linkage of the government, the market and the society. Third, by pointing out the relationship between the ecological resource valuation system and the social historical process, the coupling relationship between social capital and ecological capital was revealed. Finally, it concluded that we should adhere to the leadership of the "public" party, and under the guidance of the thought of coupling social capital and ecological capital. A three-tiered linkage framework was built for ecological resources evaluation in counties, towns and villages, which provided the theoretical guidance for China's ecological resource valuation system under the background of rural revitalization and provided the political economy explanations for the popularization of ecological civilization thought under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.