The fragmentation and loss of habitat patches due to the rapid urbanization can affect ecological activities such as species migration and predation which posed a threat to biodiversity. However, the ecological reserves may not be able to cover the necessary activities of the organisms in them. Habitat patches outside of ecological reserves may also play a critical role in maintaining ecological processes. Therefore, it is vitally important to identify key patches outside the ecological reserves and protect them. In this study, we firstly identified two types of habitat patches, core habitat patches and potential habitat patches, and built a habitat network based on graph theory in Yanqing District of Beijing, China. Then we established the habit resistance surface by considering factors such as land cover type, slope, and human activities. The impact of urbanization processes on regional habitat network and landscape connectivity is studied in conjunction with simulations of future land use type changes. The CLUE-S model was selected to simulate the pattern of land use type changes. Finally, we designed three habitat change scenarios based on the characteristics of habitat patches and future urban land use type changes. The connection probability index (PC) and change rate of network connectivity (dI) were used to evaluate the importance of the landscape connection degree of the potential habitat patches outside the ecological reserves under different habitat change scenarios. Based on the results, we judged the priority order of patch protection, and analyzed the impact of landscape pattern changes on species with different migration capabilities. The results showed that the whole potential habitat patches outside the ecological reserves had the greatest impact on the overall landscape connectivity of the habitat by 2.15% and a single potential habitat patch had a maximum effect of 0.28% on maintaining the landscape connectivity. In addition, the impact of landscape pattern and its changes on species with different migratory abilities varied significantly, so it is necessary to design protection plans for species and habitat characteristics. We advise to prioritize the protection of large and medium-sized habitat patches and small habitat patches at key locations. In order to meet the demand for biodiversity conservation, it is recommended that both the contribution of habitat patches to landscape connectivity and the pressure of urbanization expansion process be considered while distinguishing the conservation priorities of habitat patches. The study provides methodological references for urban biodiversity conservation and habitat management.