Abstract: Effective and scientific measures are needed in solving the conflict between wild boar (Sus scrofa) and human in China. In order to make government and wildlife managers better solve the human-wild boar conflict in China, in this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the prevention and control measures of human-wild boar conflict worldwide from the aspects of literature quantity, study scope, types and effectiveness of different measures. We searched the Chinese and English database, with the published time ranging from the establishment of the database to May 31, 2021. The contents extracted from the literature include the year in which the study started, the country in which the study was conducted, the types of prevention and control measures used, whether the measures were effective, and the specific content evaluation of the measures. A total of 446 articles were collected, and 77 articles were included, respectively, from Europe, Asia, North America, Oceania and South America mainly after 1981. The types of prevention and control measures are mainly divided into lethal (drugs, hunting) and non-lethal approaches (interference, setting obstacles, supplementary feeding, fertility control, biological control). The effectiveness of lethal control measures (81.5%) was higher than that of non-lethal measures (68.4%). Compared with non-lethal control measures, the lethal control measures are the highly effective strategies at present, while hunting is a feasible lethal control strategy to control wild boar population. The hunting experience of foreign countries can provide reference for the prevention and control of wild boar in China.