Functional traits can reflect the adaptation strategies of plants to different environments. The expansion of Phyllostachys edulis is similar to the invasion of alien plants, which often causes changes in the living environment of native plants. However, the response mechanism of the functional traits of native plant functional traits to the expansion and removal of Phyllostachys edulis is still unclear. The mixed forest of moso bamboo and Chinese fir and Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal were selected as the research objects, and the pure Chinese fir forest was used as the control. The changes of leaf functional traits, such as specific leaf area, dry matter content and tissue density, as well as fine root functional traits, like specific root length, fine root biomass and fine root length density, and their correlation were measured and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the leaf relative water content and leaf dry matter content of Chinese fir in mixed forest decreased by 5.07% and 0.032 g/g respectively. However, the leaf tissue density and specific leaf area in mixed forest increased by 0.005 g/cm³ and 10.33 cm²/g respectively. Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the specific leaf area and leaf relative water content of Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal decreased, while the leaf dry matter content and leaf tissue density increased. (2) Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, the fine root biomass, fine root volume density and fine root length density of Cunninghamia lanceolata decreased continuously in mixed forest, but the ratio of fine root to root length increased significantly in 0-20 cm soil depth (P<0.05). Compared with the pure Chinese fir forest, fine root length, fine root length density and fine root biomass decreased significantly in Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal (P<0.05), while fine root volume density increased in soil depth of 20-30 cm. (3) The correlation between fine root functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata in pure forest was close, and the correlation between leaf functional traits in Chinese fir forest after bamboo removal and mixed forest was high. These results suggest that Cunninghamia lanceolata can adapt to the changes of space and resource competition caused by bamboo expansion or removal by adjusting and correlating the functional traits such as specific leaf area, leaf tissue density and fine root to root length. The results will help to better understand the response characteristics of leaves and fine roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata to different habitats and ecological adaptation strategies, and provide scientific basis for rational management and expansion regulation of bamboo forest.