It is of great theoretical and practical importance to study the distribution patterns and changes of species suitable geographical distribution areas under the background of climate change for the protection of species and the sustainable use of resources. In this study, 381 effective distribution sites of Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium in China (excluding duplicate, invalid and cultivated distribution sites) and 36 environmental factors (terrain, soil and climate data) were selected. Baesd on the data mentioned above, the spatial distribution patterns of the suitable geographical distribution areas, B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, were simulated by the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model under current climate and two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the future (2050 and 2070), respectively. Meanwhile, the dominant environmental factors that restrict the distribution of these two species suitable geographical distribution areas were analyzed. The results show that (1) Precipitation of wettest period (Bio13) was the most important environmental factor affecting the suitable geographical distribution areas of B. chinense, followed by mean temperature of driest quarter (Bio09), and altitude (Elevation). In the same way, precipitation of wettest period (Bio13), temperature seasonality (Bio04), and altitude (Elevation) are the dominant environmental factors that affect the distribution of B. scorzonerifolium suitable geographical distribution areas. (2) Under the current climate conditions, the total area of suitable geographical distribution areas for B. chinense is 1.4755×10⁶km², which is account for about 15.37% of the total land area of China. And the middle and high suitable geographical distribution areas are mainly distributed in southern Shaanxi, eastern Shanxi, southeastern Gansu, central Shandong, central and western Hebei, etc. At the same time, the total area of suitable geographical distribution areas for B. scorzonerifolium is 1.8034×10⁶km², accounting for approximately 18.78% of the total land area of China, of which the middle and high suitable geographical distribution areas are mainly distributed in western and eastern Heilongjiang, central and northeastern Inner Mongolia, northern Hebei and central Shaanxi, etc. (3) Under the background of future climate change, the total suitable geographical distribution area of two species of Bupleurum both shows an increasing trend. In term of the migration study of suitable geographical distribution geometric center, the suitable geographical distribution geometric center of B. chinense will step by step move to the high latitude area in the northeast, while the suitable geographical distribution geometric center of B. scorzonerifolium will gradually migrate to the high altitude areas in the west.