Nomia chalybeata is a typical polylectic bee species, belonging to the genus Nomia of the family Halictidae. It is widely distributed in eastern China, Japan, South Korea, India, Myanmar, and other countries. In this study, 20 bee bread samples of N. chalybeata were collected from 18 different places in 9 provinces in eastern China, including Anhui Province (AHGZ, AHJZ), Chongqing City (CQSMS, CQWS), Fujian Province (FJSM), Guangxi Province(GXHP, GXLZ), Hunan Province (HNHY, HNQY), Hainan Province(HNLS, HNWC), Jiangxi Province (JXGX, JXJG6, JXJG8, JXQY6, JXQY8, JXYZ), Shandong Province (SDLL), Zhejiang Province (ZJCS). We studied the diversity in the pollen plants of N. chalybeata based on a DNA metabarcoding, so as to provided theoretical basis for comprehensive understanding the pollen plants and protection strategies. The results showed that there were 47 families, 99 genera and 124 species. Vitex negundo was the most dominant species, followed by Ardisia quinquegona and Rubus corchorifolius. According to the indices of alpha diversity, the species richness and diversity of the sample SDLL were the highest, the sample FJSM were the lowest. The diversity of different sample plot were different. In addition, there was no significant difference in the diversity and structure of pollen plants at different time periods in the same area, and there was no change in the main pollen plants, indicating that the main pollen plants during the adult active period did not change much in the same area.