In order to explore the mechanism between vegetation restoration and the ecosystem service capacity of the wind prevention and sand fixation (WPSF), this study selected the region along the Great Wall of Northern Shanaxi which is in the edge of Maowusu Desert as the study area to ensure the sustainable development of ecosystem WPSF services. By using Theil-Sen slope estimation, M-K significance test, the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) and scenario analysis method, the paper evaluated and analyzed the effects of the implementation of the Sand Dust Control Project and the spatio-temporal change of ecosystem WPSF service in the study area from 2000 to 2018, and focused on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil wind erosion and ecosystem WPSF service capacity under the condition of changing wind erosion factor. The results showed that:(1) the vegetation restoration along the Great Wall of Northern Shanaxi has improved significantly during the period from 2000 to 2018, which indicates that significant effects have been achieved in the Sand Dust Control Project over the years.(2) In the real condition, with the continuous improvement of vegetation restoration from 2000 to 2018, the overall risk of soil wind erosion has been decreasing, and the wind erosion factor is the main reason for the significant change of the actual amount of wind erosion. From the point of view of ecosystem WPSF services, the total amount of WPSF in different years changed significantly. The amount of WPSF reached a minimum of 45.691 million tons in 2005, but a maximum of 641.644 million tons in 2010. As a result, the service capacity of WPSF also reached the lowest and highest levels in 2005 and 2010.(3) Through scenario simulation, it indirectly indicated that vegetation restoration could restrain the occurrence of wind erosion under the condition of the minimum wind erosion factor. However, under the condition of the maximum wind erosion factor, the wind erosion was still serious, and the ecosystem WPSF service ability of vegetation was more significant.(4) Under the three scenarios, the order is the annual potential wind erosion > wind prevention and sand fixation > actual wind erosion, which shows that the ecosystem WPSF service has obvious effect on the maximum disaster risk degree. In a word, the study proves that the vegetation restoration is not only a necessary condition for the sustainable development of ecosystem WPSF service function, but also plays a vital role in the further development of wind-sand region.