This study aims to analyze the impacts of vegetation construction on the soil moisture on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Using the CiteSpace software to associate literature of soil moisture on the Loess Plateau, the research hotspots and frontiers of vegetation construction on soil moisture were evaluated. Keywords of the relevant literature were examined and the cluster maps were formed. Meanwhile, through Meta-analysis, the effect degree of vegetation construction on soil moisture was measured by using the literature of vegetation construction on soil moisture. A total of 232 publications of soil moisture on the Loess Plateau were analyzed from the Web of Science core collection for this study. The results showed that soil moisture research on the Loess Plateau was focused on four aspects in the last 20 years: 1) soil moisture reduction due to vegetation construction; 2) spatiotemporal variations of soil moisture on the Loess Plateau; 3) influence factors of spatiotemporal variations in soil moisture; and 4) soil moisture simulation using remote sensing and hydrology models. Additionally, this article collected and analyzed 103 published studies on the effect of vegetation construction on soil moisture on the Loess Plateau by Meta-analysis. Results showed that vegetation construction increased soil moisture consumption on the Loess Plateau. Forest, shrub, and grass cumulative effect size (ES) on soil moisture were -1.893, -1.661, and -1.239, respectively. With decreasing precipitation, the effect of vegetation construction on soil moisture increased; the ES for ≥500 mm, 400—500 mm, and < 400 mm were -0.864, -1.423, and -1.534, respectively. With the increasing elevation in different elevation parts, the consumption of vegetation construction on soil moisture increased. The consumption of vegetation construction on soil moisture was <15o, >25o, and 15—25o, respectively, in the order of high to low. In general, as the growing year progress, consumption enhances the vegetation"s reliance on soil moisture. While the caragana was different, the ES of growth years >30 a, <20 a, and 20—30 a were -1.983, -1.642, and -1.107, respectively. Because the Loess Plateau is located in arid and semi-arid regions, the wide area of vegetation construction increases soil moisture consumption, affecting vegetation development and function sustainability. As a result, appropriate vegetation should be adopted and properly managed (i.e., trimming, sparse planting) to increase soil moisture use efficiency and promote the sustainability of region"s soil moisture.