The semi-arid region of Asia is sensitive to ecosystem and has prominently environmental problems. As the region with the largest change of carbon and water fluxes in the past 30 years, it is of great significance to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution pattern and driving factors of carbon and water fluxes for regional resource management and sustainable development, global climate change and other fields. Based on the combined assimilation product of vegetation and soil moisture (LPJ-Vegetation and soil moisture joint assimilation, LPJ-VSJA), combined with the vegetation and meteorological data of the study area, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal variation, annual variation contribution rate and driving factors of carbon and water fluxes Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Evapotranspiration (ET), and Water use efficiency (WUE) in the Asian semi-arid region from 2010 to 2018. The results show that:1) the spatial patterns of GPP, ET and WUE in the Asian semi-arid region from 2010 to 2018 were "Double Clip", and the carbon and water fluxes in the mid-high and low latitudes were greater than those in the middle latitudes. 2) From 2010 to 2018, the annual changes of GPP, ET and WUE showed a growth trend, but only GPP showed the significant growth trend (P< 0.05), with a growth rate of 7.82 g C m^-2 a^-1. 3) The contribution rate of farmland to WUE was the largest (54.6%), and the contribution rate of forest ecosystem was similar to that of grassland when the area of forest ecosystem accounted for only one fifth of grassland. 4) The WUE was significantly correlated with temperature, precipitation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in 40% of the semi-arid areas of Asia covered by vegetation (P< 0.05). Precipitation was the dominant meteorological factor of WUE in the Asian semi-arid region. Precipitation and PAR affected the growth of vegetation in most regions, and had a negative impact on WUE; Temperature has a positive effect on WUE. The influence of meteorological factors on WUE had obviously regional differences. The results of this study can provide reference for formulating vegetation and water resources management strategies, as well as achieving sustainable development in Asian semi-arid region.