Deep vertical rotary tillage is a new tillage technique in China, which has an important effect on the quality of cultivated land and crop yield. In this study, corn cultivated land was treated with conventional tillage depth of 20 cm (CK), deep vertical rotary tillage depth of 35 cm (FL1), and deep vertical rotary tillage of 50 cm (FL2). The effect of deep vertical rotary tillage technology on soil microecology is studied. Responses of soil microbial community composition and function to ridge tillage are illustrated. The specific results are shown as follows. The maize yield of FL1, FL2 and CK treatments was 8.58, 8.38 and 6.22 t/hm², respectively. The yield increases of FL1 and FL2 treatments were 34.7%-37.9%. The soil enzyme activities, microbial community diversity and functional diversity of the two treatments in deep vertical rotary tillage were significantly higher than those in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm layers of CK treatment. The structural equation model analysis showed that the activities of soil enzymes, the functional groups of bacteria involved in nutrient cycling and the community structure of bacteria were directly increased by deep vertical rotary tillage. The fungal community was indirectly affected by bacterial community, which increased the functional groups of fungi involved in nutrient cycling and the diversity of fungal community. This improved the utilization capacity and functional diversity index of soil microbial carbon sources, which contributed to improve the effect of FL1. In conclusion, the study explains the mechanism of the effects of silt ridge tillage on soil microecology from the perspective of microorganisms and provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of soil cultivated land by deep vertical rotary tillage.