Resource (light, nitrogen and water) use efficiency of a plant is a key indicator of ecological function acclimation to climate change and extremes. Its resource use efficiency has been widely used as the indicator to understand plant acclimation processes to unfavorable environmental conditions. However, comprehensive understanding of relative changes and its regulatory mechanism of resource use efficiencies (RUEs) including light use efficiency (LUE), water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remain limited. Artemisia ordosica, the dominant species in the Mu Us Desert, was selected as the research object in this study. The study was based on season-long in-situ measurements of its leaf photosynthesis and abiotic factors from 2017 to 2019. Measurements of specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) were made in the laboratory. The study aimed to examine the relative changes in leaf-level RUEs (i.e., LUE, WUE and NUE) and their biophysical controls in A. ordosica, which to understand the responses of A. ordosica' RUEs to environment at leaf level. As a result, seasonal patterns of LUE and NUE were convergent, being positively correlated (R²=0.17; P<0.01). By contrast, WUE fluctuated largely and had no relationship with LUE and NUE (P>0.05). Among the leaf-level RUEs, the seasonal variation was largest in WUE (CV=48%) and the lowest in NUE (CV=39%). Monthly mean leaf-level RUEs >generally peaked in summer, reaching a maximum of 0.12 mol/mol, 104.02 μmol/mol and 11.49 μmol g^-1 s^-1 for LUE, WUE, and NUE during the study period, respectively. The variation in leaf-level RUEs was not affected by soil water content (SWC) when SWC > 0.09 m³/m³. However, WUE was quadratically related to SWC when SWC < 0.09 m³/m³. SWC was observed to modify the influence of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil total nitrogen (N_soil) on leaf-level RUEs. There was no significant correlation between leaf-level RUEs and LNC. The SLA was negatively related to LUE (P<0.01), positively related to NUE (P<0.01) and not related to WUE. The LUE is mainly affected by SLA and N_soil, while NUE was mainly affected by SLA and SWC. The SWC and N_soil also affected LUE and NUE through SLA and LNC indirectly. Our results indicate that water and soil total nitrogen are the main abiotic stresses limiting leaf-level resource use efficiencies and specific leaf area is the key biotic factor to regulate leaf-level resource use efficiencies in A. ordosica. Our findings are important addition to the understandings of acclimation strategies of desert plants to climate change and climatic extremes.