Winter paddy field-rice is a traditional rice planting pattern in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Province. The transformation of winter paddy field-rice planting pattern is an important measure to promote multi-cropping and mechanized cropping production. To investigate the soil respiration rate and its composition during crop season and fallow period during the transition from winter paddy field-rice to upland cropping (FTD), three different cropping patterns were set up in this experiment, including paddy field-rice to upland cropping (FTD), paddy field-rice (FR), and fallow field-corn (FM). Root removal method and static chamber gas chromatography were used to determine soil respiration and its components in crop season and fallow period after crop was harvested. The intensity of farmland carbon sink of FTD was evaluated by calculating net ecosystem productivity (NEP). The results showed that: (1) the total soil respiration rate, autotrophic respiration rate and heterotrophic respiration rate significantly increased in FTD than FR and FM (P<0.05). Compared with FR, the cumulative emissions amount of total soil respiration, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration increased by 13.14 times, 11.32 times, and 15.56 times, respectively (P<0.05); Compared with FM, the cumulative emissions amount of the total soil respiration, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration increased by 70.56%, 40.83% and 115.47%, respectively (P<0.05). (2) The respiration temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) value of total soil respiration, autotrophic respiration and heterotrophic respiration decreased in FTD than FR and FM. Meanwhile Q₁₀ value of total soil respiration was between heterotrophic respiration Q₁₀ value and autotrophic respiration Q₁₀ value. (3) The NEP of FR, FM and FTD were positive, and their values were 7911.66 kg/hm², 5667.89 kg/hm² and 1583.46 kg/hm², respectively. The three plant patterns were all the carbon sink of atmospheric CO₂. Whereas, because the NEP in FTD was significantly lower than FR and FM, it only showed a weak carbon sink in FTD than that in FR and FM.