Shenzhen and Hong Kong, with similar natural and climatic conditions but significantly different socio-economic systems, provide an important window for the institutional exploration and economic construction in China. The evolution pattern and development trend of the landscape pattern of the two cities will profoundly influence the ecological civilization construction process in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Based on three phases of historical land cover data of Shenzhen and Hong Kong in the past 20 years, this study applied CA-Markov model to predict the landscape types in 2030, compared the spatial and temporal divergence characteristics of landscape patterns in Shenzhen and Hong Kong by using geographic information mapping and landscape pattern index, and explored the similarities and differences of driving mechanisms of landscape pattern changes in Shenzhen and Hong Kong by using Geodetector and logistic regression model. The results showed that: 1) From 2000 to 2030, the landscape patterns of Shenzhen and Hong Kong would significantly change with frequent transitions in each landscape type. The area of artificial landscapes in Shenzhen would increase continuously while that of Hong Kong showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. 2) The artificial landscapes and forestland would be the dominant landscape types in Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The shape of the landscape would tend to be simpler, with a higher diversity and a more fragmented character in Shenzhen than in Hong Kong. 3) The level of economic development characterized by nighttime lighting had a strong influence on the expansion of artificial surface in both locations. Under the combined effect of various factors such as policy, socio-economic level and naturally geographical conditions, the future landscape development of the two cities tends to be similar while reserving differences.