Urban landscape stability is the basis for analysis and evaluation of urban ecological environment, and is of great significance to the patterns of urban landscape ecological security and landscape sustainability. This study takes Guiyang City, a typical karst mountain city, as the research object. Landscape types in 2008, 2013 and 2017 were used as the main data. The spatio-temporal characteristics of landscape stability were evaluated by using Contagion Index, Patch Density Index and Total Edge Contrast Index to construct an evaluation model of landscape stability. The spatial-temporal evolution of landscape stability and characteristics of hot spots in Guiyang City were revealed by exploratory spatial data analysis. The results showed that:(1) the landscape pattern of Guiyang City changed dramatically from 2008 to 2017. The area of cultivated land decreased significantly, the area of forest land and construction land increased continuously. Furthermore, the degree of landscape fragmentation intensified, but the trend of landscape fragmentation slowed down. (2) From 2008 to 2017, the overall landscape stability level of Guiyang was relatively low, mainly unstable and relatively unstable, showing a trend of "decreasing first, then increasing, and generally decreasing slightly". (3) The spatial distribution and evolution of landscape stability in Guiyang had obviously spatial aggregation effect, and the Global Moran's I index was between 0.2008 and 0.4005, but the aggregation trend was "overall weakening, slightly increasing". In addition, the hot spots of landscape stability were mainly concentrated in the contiguous and intact areas of urban construction land or forest patches. Therefore, based on the fragmentation of the natural landscape background of karst mountain cities, in the coupling period of rapid urbanization and ecological civilization construction, in order to improve the stability level of karst mountain cities' landscape and enhance the ability of landscape anti-interference. In the process of urbanization construction, ecological protection and restoration in the future, the relative integrity of landscape patches and intensive construction land and cultivated land should be strengthened. Repair the broken patches, strengthen the connectivity of ecological land patches, improve the degree of landscape sprawl or aggregation, slow down the degree of landscape fragmentation, and improve the level of landscape stability. It lays a stable landscape foundation for the construction of urban landscape ecological security and ecological network pattern in karst mountain areas, thus promoting the coordination and balance of ecology and development in karst mountain areas. The results can provide an important scientific basis for the optimization of urban landscape spatial pattern, the construction of ecological security network pattern and the construction of ecological civilization city in karst mountainous cities.