Marine biodiversity is fundamental to the provision of Marine ecosystem services. Protecting Marine biodiversity is not only essential to the functioning of the earth's ecosystems, but also closely related to human well-being. Based on the indicators of Marine ecosystem health and species diversity damage in China's coastal provinces, this paper use panel regression model to analyze the relationship between economic growth and Marine biodiversity damage in China's coastal areas. The results showed that:(1) there is a significant linear relationship between the sub-health degree of Marine ecosystems and the economic growth in coastal areas. With the economic growth, the sub-health status of typical Marine ecosystems has a continuous upward trend. In addition, the implementation of pollution charge system and the establishment of Marine nature reserves are conducive to suppress the deterioration of Marine ecosystem. (2) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the damage of Marine species diversity and the economic growth of coastal areas. The turning point was 45,145 yuan per capita GDP. With economic growth, the damage of Marine species diversity increase first and then decrease. From the perspective of time trajectory, the inflection point of species diversity damage corresponds to the time stage from 2009 to 2010. From the perspective of spatial distribution, Hainan province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Hebei Province are still in the rising part of the curve, The economic growth level of Shandong, Liaoning, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Fujian provinces has passed the inflection point value, those provinces are in the curve decline stage. The pollution charge system is beneficial to suppress the Marine species diversity damage, but the current industrial structure in coastal areas aggravate the Marine species diversity damage. According to the results of empirical analysis, we know that if the economic growth is based on the destruction of the ecological environment, it is bound to cause damage to biodiversity. Even though there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between Marine species diversity and economic growth in coastal areas, there is still no inflection point between economic growth and Marine ecosystem health, so the sub-health of Marine ecosystem may further lead to the loss of Marine biodiversity, forming a vicious circle. some suggestions are put forward to protect and manage Marine biodiversity:(1) we should strengthen biodiversity protection, broaden the ways of Marine biodiversity protection, and ensure the diversity of Marine biodiversity protection methods;(2) we should maintain a green and sustainable pattern of economic development and promote industrial restructuring and upgrading. meanwhile, we should guide the smart growth of coastal areas and prevent the occupation of coastal wetlands and large-scale reclamation of land due to blind pursuit of economic growth.